Um hvað er samið við ESB? Um það hvenær og hvernig umsóknarríki uppfylli skilyrði ESB

Lesendur Heimssýnarbloggsins hafa bent á gögn frá ESB sem sýna svart á hvítu að svokallaðar samningaviðræður við ESB eru alls ekki neinar samningaviðræður, heldur snúast þær bara um það hvernig umsóknarlandið ætli að uppfylla lög, reglur, stofnanagerð og staðla ESB.

Þetta má sjá á heimasíðu ESB.

Sá texti sem lesandi benti einkum á er merktur hér að neðan með rauðu letri. Þar er því lýst um hvað er samið. Inntakið í textanum er þetta:

Samið erum skilyrði og tímasetningu á þykkt, framkvæmd og framfylgd á núverandi regluverki ESB.

Reglurnar eru í 35 efnisköflum, sem fjalla um efni eins og flutninga, orku, umhverfi og svo framvegis sem samið er um sérstaklega.

Um þetta er ekki hægt að semja:

- umsóknarlandið samþykkir hvernig og hvenær reglur verða samþykktar og þeim framfylgt.

- ESB fær tryggingu fyrir dagsetningu og skilvirkni þeirra aðgerða sem umsóknarríkið grípur til.

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Þetta eru lykilatriðin. Textinn í heild er hér fyrir neðan:

 

 

Conditions for membership

The EU operates comprehensive approval procedures that ensure new members are admitted only when they can demonstrate they will be able to play their part fully as members, namely by:

• complying with all the EU's standards and rules
• having the consent of the EU institutions and EU member states
• having the consent of their citizens – as expressed through approval in their national parliament or by referendum.

Membership criteria – Who can join?

The Treaty on the European Union states that any European country may apply for membership if it respects the democratic values of the EU and is committed to promoting them.

The first step is for the country to meet the key criteria for accession. These were defined at the European Council in Copenhagen in 1993 and are hence referred to as 'Copenhagen criteria'. Countries wishing to join need to have:

• stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities;
• a functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competition and market forces in the EU;
• the ability to take on and implement effectively the obligations of membership, including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union.

The EU reserves the right to decide when candidate countries can join. It also needs to be able to integrate new members.

What is negotiated?

The conditions and timing of the candidate's adoption, implementation and enforcement of all current EU rules (the "acquis").

These rules are divided into 35 different policy fields (chapters), such as transport, energy, environment, etc., each of which is negotiated separately.

They are not negotiable:

• candidates essentially agree on how and when to adopt and implement them.
• the EU obtains guarantees on the date and effectiveness of each candidate's measures to do this.

Other issues discussed:

• financial arrangements (such as how much the new member is likely to pay into and receive from the EU budget (in the form of transfers)
• transitional arrangements – sometimes certain rules are phased in gradually, to give the new member or existing members time to adapt.

Oversight by the EU institutions

Throughout the negotiations, the Commission monitors the candidate's progress in applying EU legislation and meeting its other commitments, including any benchmark requirements.

This gives the candidate additional guidance as it assumes the responsibilities of membership, as well as an assurance to current members that the candidate is meeting the conditions for joining.

The Commission also keeps the EU Council and European Parliament informed throughout the process, through regular reports, strategy papers(388 KB) , and clarifications on conditions for further progress.